Definition of low-grade metamorphic zones using illite crystallinity   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

T.G. BLENKINSOP 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1988,6(5):623-628

Abstract Two major problems which exist in the use of illite crystallinity to define low-grade metamorphic zones are the variety of values chosen for the zone boundaries and the persistent use of three different indices of crystallinity. Although measurement techniques, which cause much of the interlaboratory variation, can be standardized, it is shown that there is, nevertheless, significant additional variation which demands calibration on standards. The greatest variations are due to choices of different absolute values of crystallinity to define zone boundaries. The problem of relating measurements between different indices is approached by fitting mathematical relationships to pairs of measurements from the same sample. A power–law relationship is a satisfactory fit to the Kubler–Weaver and Weaver–Weber pairs, while the Kubler–Weber indices are linearly related. These relationships are used to transform definitions of the diagenetic zone, anchizone and epizone from one index to the others, although they apply strictly only to the data set from which they are derived. This results in compatibility between the three zones and shows that previous definitions to the anchizone in different indices have been chosen at incompatible values. The boundaries of Kubler's anchizone (0.42 and 0.25 Δ2θ) are 0.4 and 0.215 Δ2θ in this study, which become 5.1 and 14.6 in the Weaver index and 278 and 149 in the Weber index. An error analysis shows that percentage errors in both Kubler and Weaver indices increase with crystallinity; the Kubler measurements are marginally preferred at all grades.  相似文献   

累托石X射线衍射定量方法     

张荣英  吴方启 《矿物学报》1988,(3)

粘土矿物X射线衍射定量分析中常遇到的结晶度差异大,择优取向不易消除等困难,目前尚无完善的解决办法。笔者经过反复试验发现:被测物相的百分含量、衍射强度,结晶度及择优取向(定向度)之间存在着一定的函数关系,可以用图表或代数式来表达。用其来修正定量分析结果,消除因结晶度和定向度不一所产生的衍射强度误差,有效地提高了分析精度和可靠性。  相似文献   

Incipient metamorphism in the Lower Palaeozoic marginal basin of Wales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

D. ROBINSON  R. E. BEVINS 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1986,4(1):101-103

Abstract A diagenctic through anchizone to epizone transition is demonstrated in pelitic rocks of the Lower Palaeozoic marginal basin of Wales by examination of variations in phyllo-silicate mineralogy, illite crystallinity and b_o parameter of white micas. This transition represents a temperature range from ∼ 150°C to ∼ 400°C and the metamorphism is of a low-pressure facies series type, with a geothermal gradient of ∼ 40°Ckm^-1. Variations in grade can be correlated largely with the original basin and shelf form, suggesting a depth-related metamorphism. However, in areas closer to the site of Caledonian plate collision an increasingly syn-tectonic metamorphic event is apparent.
Correlation of pelite data with metabasite assemblages is variable, the most consistent relationship being between epizone crystallinity values andepidote-actinolite (greenschist facies) assemblages. Diagenetic clay mineral assemblages are found associated with prehnite-pumpellyite assemblages in metabasites and it is suggested that the latter represent non-buffered, and therefore non-diagnostic, assemblages.  相似文献   

The engineering geology of the Lower Lias Clay at Blockley,Gloucestershire, UK     

J. M. Coulthard  F. G. Bell 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1993,11(3):185-201

Summary The Lower Lias Clay at Blockley, 20 km due south of Stratford-upon-Avon, UK, is thought to be representative of this clay formation over much of the Severn Basin. As far as the mineralogy of the clay is concerned, illite is the dominant clay mineral, kaolinite being subsidiary, with quartz, calcite, pyrite and chlorite/vermiculite present in subsidiary or accessory amounts. Weathering changes the mineralogy, with illite being degraded and calcite and pyrite being removed. Furthermore free iron oxide coatings become important as a result of weathering, with the maximum concentrations being present in the highly weathered material.The unweathered clay possesses a preferred orientation associated with turbostratic structures. At certain horizons microfolding and remoulding occurs in the unweathered clay and silty layers are displaced. Weathering has progressively destroyed the micro-structures present in the weathered clay horizons.The fissures in the Lower Lias Clay occur in five uniplanar sets. In the unweathered clay the intensity is fairly constant but it increases in a narrow zone just below the weathered horizons. The number of curved fissures also increases at this depth. This intense fissuring continues into the lowest zone of weathered clay where weathering is confined to the fissure surfaces. Fissures become less apparent in the more weathered horizons as more and more degradation has taken place. However, new smaller fissure systems are developed in the weathered clay, as are desiccation cracks.Engineering index properties and values of shear strength are given. Relationships between moisture content and strength, liquid limit and iron (Fe) content were observed, and a relationship between weathering zones and the shear strength-depth curve was established.  相似文献   

胶北蓬莱群的变形与变质及其区域大地构造意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

朱光 《大地构造与成矿学》1993,17(3):259-270

本文通过构造与变质研究及伊利石结晶度和同位素年龄测定。分析胶北蓬莱群的变形,变质及其区域大地构造意义。作为胶北唯一盖层的蓬莱群,在晚石炭世(299±4Ma)北北东—南南西区域挤压下首次遭受了强烈的蓬莱事件变形及低绿片岩相变质。其后的后蓬莱事件在胶北地区仅造成了局部的北北东—南南西向变形构造。作为华北板块南缘的胶北带,其上的蓬莱事件是华北与扬子板块沿胶南带碰撞的结果。这表明郯庐断裂带以东这两扳块碰撞发生在晚石炭世。在秦岭—大别山碰撞带以北的华北扳块南缘,由于碰撞也出现了类似胶北带的挤压变形。  相似文献   

K－Ar测年法在确定沉积岩成岩时代中的应用——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

赵孟为 《沉积学报》1996,(3)

根据伊利石Ｋ－Ａｒ测年法研究，确定鄂尔多斯盆地存在两期与构造运动有关的成岩作用事件：即与早期燕山运动有关的侏罗纪（１７０—１６０Ｍａ）和与晚期加里东运动有关的志留－泥盆纪（４２０－３７０Ｍａ）成岩作用时代。为了揭示碎屑物质对Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄的影响和伊利石成岩作用的机制，本文提出了一个通过观察Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄随深度变化的趋势来进行判断的模式。在Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄小于地层时代的条件下，Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄与深度呈正相关，或者很相近的Ｋ－Ａｒ年龄与深度变化无关均标志着没有或很少有碎屑物质的影响；同时，前者指示逐渐埋藏条件下的成岩作用，而后者则反映短暂的热事件引起的成岩作用事件。  相似文献   

Thermal structure and uplift of the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan: An illite crystallinity and Mite b_o, lattice spacing study     

M. Aslam  Awan Katsumi  Imura 《Island Arc》1996,5(1):69-88

Abstract Illite crystallinity (IC) and illite b, lattice spacing were measured across the Cretaceous Shimanto Belt, Kii Peninsula, Southwest Japan. For the IC survey, 103 samples of argillaceous rocks were analyzed from the central area and the western area of the belt. Values of IC (Kubler Index) vary between 0.28 and 0.71 Δ°2θ and indicate diagenetic and anchizone metamorphism respectively. The IC distribution reveals two contrasting patterns of thermal maturity. The Hanazono Formation, exposed in the northern area of the belt, generally dips north, but IC values increase systematically from 0.28 Δ°2θ in the north to 0.54 Δ°2θ in the south and indicate an inverted thermal structure. Values in other formations vary widely in the southern area of the belt ranging between 0.45 and 0.71 Δ°2θ, but the values do not show any systematic change from north to south and on average remain almost constant. Illite b_o, lattice spacing values for 56 samples vary between 9.006 and 9.041 Å corresponding to intermediate pressure conditions of the metamorphic facies. These values, combined with paleotemperatures estimated from IC, indicate paleogeothermal gradients of 22 and 31°C/km for the northern and southern areas of the belt, respectively. The inverted thermal structure of the Hanazono Formation, together with a lower paleogeothermal gradient, possibly is a result of the subduction of a relatively cold oceanic plate during the Late Cretaceous. The higher geothermal gradient could be a product of late thermal overprinting caused by the later subduction of a comparatively younger and hotter oceanic plate during the Eocene.  相似文献   

高岭石矿物缺陷结构研究——以晋北晚古生代煤系地层高岭岩为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

朱如凯 《矿物学报》1996,16(3):245-252

本文主要根据ＸＲＤ分析和ＩＲ光谱分析的有关参数，对山西境内产部晚古生代煤系夹矸高岭岩的矿物结构特征进行了详细研究，认为高岭石矿物结晶度与其显微结构有关，隐晶质高岭岩比碎屑团粒状和蠕虫状高岭岩结晶指数高。高岭石的无序度主要反映于（ａ，ｂ）面上的随机层错，同时与样品中低缺陷相的比率有关。动荡的水介质环境可能导致其无序度的增加。  相似文献   

福建铁帽山钼矿床围岩蚀变的短波红外光谱学研究     

刘鹤  马宇  任宏  刘碧洪 《矿物学报》2015,35(2):221-228

短波红外光谱分析技术是近年来兴起并逐渐走向成熟的一种热液矿床围岩蚀变研究方法。铁帽山斑岩型钼矿床的围岩蚀变作用强烈,主要蚀变类型包括钾化、硅化、伊利石化、蒙脱石化等,并具有明显的分带性特征。其中,伊利石-蒙脱石类蚀变与斑岩型钼矿化作用密切相关。经过对钻孔岩心开展系统的短波红外光谱测量,准确地鉴定了蚀变矿物类型,划分了蚀变带,并且根据短波红外光谱测量结果计算了样品的伊利石结晶度(SWIR-IC),定量地研究了伊利石化蚀变作用的强度。结果表明,在伊利石-蒙脱石化作用范围内,伊利石结晶度越高钼矿化作用越强,但在强硅化蚀变带内,伊利石含量会有所降低,而在钾化带内,伊利石结晶度与钼矿化作用无关。在斑岩型钼矿床的找矿勘查工作中,系统地开展短波红外光谱测量,一方面可以准确鉴别蚀变矿物的类型,另一方面可以根据伊利石结晶度的指标来判断含矿热液活动中心,指导勘查工程的布设。  相似文献   

蚀变矿物近红外光谱特征对地质找矿的指示意义——以甘肃岗岔金矿为例     

彭自栋  申俊峰  曹卫东  李金春  刘廷 《地质通报》2016,35(5):822-831

甘肃岗岔金矿位于秦岭造山带之碌曲-成县逆冲推覆构造带的西段北侧,是典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,目前储量可达中型。在矿区地质填图的基础上,采用BJKF-1型近红外矿物分析仪对矿区7号勘探线ZK07-4钻孔、8号勘探线ZK08-6钻孔及27号勘探线的ZK27-1、ZK27-3、ZK27-4钻孔岩心进行蚀变特征研究,识别出的主要蚀变矿物为伊利石、云母类、地开石、高岭石等。蚀变矿物分布及含量变化特点表明,与矿化有关的蚀变主要是绢英岩化,其中已探明矿体多位于采用近红外分析技术圈出的绢英岩化带内。此外,伊利石反射光谱特征参数计算结果表明,伊利石结晶度和Al-OH特征吸收峰形态呈现有规律的变化,即含矿段和近矿段伊利石结晶度大(SWIR-IC值5.5~5.7),Al-OH吸收峰尖锐;远矿段和无矿段伊利石结晶度小(SWIR-IC值1.3~1.5),Al-OH吸收峰平缓,显示含矿段伊利石形成温度较高。上述结果表明,矿区内绢英岩化蚀变及伊利石结晶度、Al-OH峰形是有利找矿标志,对找矿具有实际指导意义。  相似文献